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33.  Fuel Consumption.	It is important to remember that aircraft con-
figuration has a marked effect on fuel consumption. At sea level, a Hunter 6
flying at range speed with 2 x 100 gallon drop tanks and 24 rockets, will
travel 1.8 n.m. less for each 100 lbs. of fuel than a similar aircraft
without rockets. This discrepancy increases with height.

34.  Funnelling. If, for range considerations, the majority of the sortie
is flown at high level inaccuracies in Dead Reckoning must be accepted and
allowed for. This wili also apply after a long sea crossing. In both cases,
it is advisable to "funnel" back on to track by planning to fly to some large
line feature which the pilot would still see even allowing for 10% errors
in D.R. Coastlines, large rivers and canals, or hill ranges are good
examples of this.

35.  False Vector. After travelling at high level thus accepting radar
plots, the pilot should descend on a false vector.

36.  Stopwatch. This eases low level navigation considerably.

37.  Map Reading. Always real maps to ground. Plan to get a good pinpoint
every  2 or 3 minutes. At low level anything with height over common ground
is a potential pinpoint, for example:-

               Radio masts.
               Factory chimneys.
               Lighthouses.
               Hills - even small 200' hill stands out clearly from
                       low level.

38.  Study the various symbols in the legend of the map to ensure that any
features of this type are noticed and used.

39.  There are of course many other types of landmark.

              Coastlines and islands
              Rivers, canals and lakes.
              Railways
              Large and small towns
              Woods
              Main roads - these should be used in conjunction with other
              landmarks because with the progress in road construction
              particularly in heavily populated areas, it is not
              difficult to confuse main and secondary class roads.

Low Level Navigation Technique.

40.  There are various methods of navigating low level but for the pilot who
is not in practice in this form of flying, the "Modified Dead Reckoning Method"
should be used. Although it is possible to plan very accurately, the pilot
will normally have to make corrections along the route, because of

     (a)  Flying inaccuracies

     (b)  Incorrect forecast winds.

This can be done by using the 1 in 60 mile or double track error method, once
positioning has been established.

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